GRAMMAR TEST - 012

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1) a. A boot is a kind of shoe.
**** b. Houses have roofs.
**** c. These peoples are not Europeans.
**** d. A dog is good friend to a man.
**** e. A cigarette is made of tobacco and paper.
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2) a. Put a lemon in your soup instead of salt.
**** b. Fruit is very good for you.
**** c. Australian sheep give us some very good wool.
**** d. Coffee is a drink. Tea is another drink.
**** e. I can write in ink or with a pencil.
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3) a. What a pity your friend couldn't come!
**** b. What stupid of me!
**** c. What a clever boy you are!
**** d. How stupid can you get?
**** e. What awful news!
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4) a. He took up swimming as a sport last year.
**** b. I should like a house in a country.
**** c. May I walk you home?
**** d. Donkeys are stupid animals.
**** e. I am fond of apples with cheese.
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5) a. Just between you and me, it's her I'm afraid of, not him.
**** b. Do you really consider him is stronger than me?
**** c. What! Me accept a present from him! I never even speak to him!
**** d. Surely, it's him you mean, not me!
**** e. I think you're far prettier than them all.
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6) a. The parents of all the other boys = All the other boys' parents
**** b. A club for women = A womens' club
**** c. The glass of someone else = Someone else's glass
**** d. The name of my sister-in-law = My sister-in-law's name
**** e. Toys for children = Children's toys
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7) a. That's too much money for a toy like that!
**** b. He is too unpopular to win the elections.
**** c. This soup is too hot for me to drink it.
**** d. I don't have enough money on me to pay the bill.
**** e. The wind is strong enough to blow the roof off.
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8) a. You may come and see me any day, but you must come some day.
**** b. "Please give me some more." "I'm sorry, but there isn't some left."
**** c. Didn't you do some work yesterday? I feel certain you did.
**** d. You aren't expecting anyone to call, are you?
**** e. These aren't my books. Did I take some of yours by mistake?
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9) a. What were you two talking about out there in the garden?
**** b. How many of those are yours?
**** c. Who phoned this morning?
**** d. Which feet have you hurt?
**** e. Who told you to do it?
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10) a. He is much less cooperative than we had expected he would be.
******* b. She's not so ugly as you said she was.
******* c. She is so stupid as I thought she would be.
******* d. You'd be less well-off if you were married and had children.
******* e. It is safer to tease a lion than scorn a woman.
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11) a. I had my car repaired for me yesterday.
******* b. We don't have them cleaned very often.
******* c. Have someone bring it to you on a tray.
******* d. Why don't you have it brought to you on a tray?
******* e. Will you have it seen to soon?
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12) a. All junior officers are to report to the Colonel at once.
******* b. I'm supposed to go and see the boss this afternoon.
******* c. Do I have to show my pass every time I go in?
******* d. You've got to give it back to me before you leave.
******* e. No, you haven't to salute him every time you see him.
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13) a. I needn't have bought a new one, so I've brought the old one back.
******* b. They didn't need to push it into the corner, because it was there already.
******* c. You needn't have said anything; then he would never have known.
******* d. You needn't have bought any food; but since you have, let's eat it now.
******* e. We didn't need to say anything at all, which was a great relief for us all.
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14) a. A regular chair can't stand on three legs; nor can a square table...
******* b. She used to get up early, but her husband didn't.
******* c. My friend hates mosquitoes. So does almost everyone I know.
******* d. The fish must be fried, but needn't the potatoes.
******* e. You needn't stay at home, but I must.
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15) a. "He wasn't late last night." "No, he wasn't, was he?"
******* b. They don't understand what we are saying, do they?
******* c. There never was any talk of it, was there?
******* d. "You're rather late."* "Yes, I am a bit, aren't I?"
******* e. Doing all these exercises will do you a lot of good, won't they?
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16) a. What have you been doing while I've been out?
******* b. Have you ever been beyond Erzurum?
******* c. What good films have you seen during this past fortnight?
******* d. Have you been waiting long for me?
******* e. You have been smoking at least five cigarettes since you came.
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17) a. I generally do wear a hat in winter.
******* b. I nearly always have to do it myself.
******* c. I have seen rarely a worse piece of workmanship.
******* d. He always does say rude things like that.
******* e. He only lent it to me.
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18) a. The boy fell down as he was running.
******* b. When the war broke out, we lived in Mersin.
******* c. We went fishing everyday when we were in Göcek.
******* d. When we were living in that house we had three servants.
******* e. You were wearing a new hat when I met you yesterday.
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19) a. You'll have noticed from my lecture how complicated this subject really is.
******* b. I take it that this is the right way of doing it.
******* c. Am I supposed to think that this'll be the very last time?
******* d. I shall have done a lot of work while he will be asleep.
******* e. I take it for granted that you'll finish the job on time.
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20) a. The valley had been flooded a year ago and it still shows some signs of it.
******* b. I was certain that they would ask me what had happened to their friend.
******* c. She was wondering why I hadn't visited her before?
******* d. It was an ex-convict who had done the killing.
******* e. He jumped up as if he'd been stung.
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01. d 06. b 11. a 16. e
02. a 07. c 12. e 17. c
03. b 08. b 13. a 18. b
04. b 09. d 14. d 19. d
05. b 10. c 15. e 20. a

AÇIKLAMALI YANITLAR
1) Yanl??: d. A dog is good friend to a man.
Bu soru, "countables/uncountables -- say?labilir ve say?lamaz" adlar üzerine kurulu. "Friend" sözcü?ü "say?labilir ad" olup, do?ru kullan?m "is a good friend" olurdu. Bu tip konular?, halen üzerinde çal??may? sürdürdü?üm "?ngilizce'nin Püf Noktalar?" ba?l?kl? e-kitapta ayr?nt?lar? ile ele al?yorum.
Güçlü Çeldirici: c. These peoples are not Europeans.
**"There are five peoples in the house," diyemezsiniz... "five people" demek zorundas?n?z. Ama, "halklar" anlam?na kulland???n?zda "peoples" geçerlidir. ?u örneklere bknz:
peoples and cultures of The Middle East
Turkish-speaking peoples
One Land - Two Peoples: A Federal Solution for Israel and the Palestinians
a study of the peoples of Africa
The human rights situation of the indigenous peoples in Africa
T?pk?, **"There are five fish on my plate," diyemeyece?iniz gibi... Ama, "fishes of the world" -- yani "dünyadaki bal?k çe?itleri"...
2) Yanl??: a. Put a lemon in your soup instead of salt.
Amaçlanan "limon suyu" dur. O da say?lamaz (uncountable) d?r. O halde do?ru yan?t "put some lemon" (lemon juice, anlam?nda)... "a lemon" dedi?imiz zaman, "koskoca bir limonu cumburlop çay?na koy" önerisini getirmi? oluyoruz:
Güçlü Çeldirici: "Australian sheep give"... "sheep" sözcü?ünün tekil ve ço?ulu ayn?d?r: "an Australian sheep" demeyip, genel ve ço?ul anlamda kulland???m?za göre "sheep give" do?rudur. "gives" yanl?? olurdu...
"Coffee is a drink. Tea is another drink." tümcesi, ve "in ink", "with a pencil" ibarelerini belle?inize oldu?u gibi yerle?tirin. Kimi zaman do?rudan ezber, aç?klama?a çal??maktan çok daha tasarruflu bir yol olur... Bu testte, bu ?ekilde i?inize çok yarayacak, çok say?da ezber tümcesi var...
3) Yanl??: b. What stupid of me!
Do?rusu, "How stupid of me!" (Amma da budalal?k ediyorum / etmi?im!...) K?saca aç?klayal?m: Bu vurgulu yap? kategorisinde, adlar için "what", s?fat ve zarflar (belirteçler) için "how" kullan?l?r. Tümce düztümce olur, yani soru biçiminde kurulmaz: What a clever boy you are! Soru sormuyoruz, yorum yap?yoruz: "Ne kadar da ak?ll? bir çocuksun sen bakiim!" (iltifat, takdir)...
"How stupid can you get?" farkl? bir kategoriden bir tümce. "You" burada "one" (ki?i, ben sen, o) anlam?nda... "?nsan nas?l böyle bir aptall?k yapabilir, aptalla?abilir, hayret bi?i, yahu..."
"What awful news!" = Ne berbat bir haber (veya haberler)... "News" sözcü?ü "say?lamaz ad" oldu?u için, "article" (a, an, the) almad?...
4) Yanl??: b. I should like a house in a country.
country =1. ülke, memleket; 2. k?rsal kesim, köylük yer, kent d???... Burada amaçlanan ikinci anlam?d?r: Do?ru deyi?, "in the country" dir. "Bir ülkede bir ev", gramer olarak do?ru, ama anlam olarak saçmad?r: Dünyada "bir ülkede olmayan bir ev" zaten yok ki...
I am fond of apples with cheese. = Severim severim, kime ne? (Tümce, yine say?labilir ve say?lamaz adlara dayal?...)
May I walk you home? = Size evinize kadar e?lik edebilir miyim? (Oldu?u gibi ezberleyiniz. Yakla??m?n?z, "Demek ki adamlar bu laf? böyle söylüyorlar," olmal?...
5) Yanl??: b. Do you really consider him is stronger than me?
?lk bak??ta "him", "consider" fiilinin nesnesi ve do?ru gibi görünüyor; asl?nda "consider that he is..." ?eklinde ba?layan tümceli?in öznesi ve yal?n halde olmas? gerekiyor...
Güçlü Çeldirici: c. What! Me accept a present from him! I never even speak to him! = Ne! Ben ha! Ondan bir hediye kabul edece?im ha! vb. vb. Konu?ma dilinde böyle bir ifadenin kullan?labilece?ini not ediniz.
AZCIK FELSEFE: ?nsan kendi dilinde, yabanc?lara yada okullarda kendi çocuklar?m?za ö?retti?imiz kurallar? nas?l da çat?r çat?r çi?niyor. Çi?neyince de, bu "vurgulu anlat?m" yada düpedüz "yarat?c?l?k" oluyor. Eh, zaten öyle olmasa, bir bak?ma hala dedelerimizin konu?tu?u gibi konu?uyor olurduk... K?sacas?, "kurallar çi?nenebilir", ama önce asl?nda kurallar? bildi?inize herkesin inanmas? gerek. Yani, "dilime küfreden bari Türkçe biliyor olsa"...
6) Yanl??: b. A club for women = A womens' club
"women" zaten ço?uldur. Do?rusu: women's...*
7) Yanl??: c. This soup is too hot for me to drink it.
"it" fazlal?k... D?KKAT: Türkçe'de, "Bu çorba, onu içmem için..." çok do?al oldu?u için, bu kategori tümcelerde kolayl?kla hataya dü?ebiliriz... Dikkat ederseniz di?er tümcelerdeki "infinitive" (mastar) yap?lar?n?n ayr? birer nesnesi var. Ama burada, "to drink" fiilinin nesnesi, zaten "this soup" ve bir ad?l (zamir) ile yinelenmesi fuzuli...
8) Yanl??: b. "Please give me some more." "I'm sorry, but there isn't some left."
Eminim ki burada hiç güçlük çekmediniz. Do?rusu "there isn't any left"...
a. You may come and see me any day, but you must come some day. = Bu tümce soru ve yorumlara hedef oldu. "Any" ve "some" sözcüklerini vurgulu okuyunuz ve tümcenin anlam?na bknz.: "Beni herhangi bir gün gelip görebilirsin; ama birgün mutlaka gelmelisin."
9) Yanl??: d. Which feet have you hurt?
Dikkat sorusu: "Hangi ayaklar?n?z?" -- Ancak k?rkayaklara sorulabilecek bir soru...
10) Yanl??: c. She is so stupid as I thought she would be.
"not so stupid as" veya "as stupid as" olmal?yd?
as + s?fat + as = gerek olumlu gerek olumsuz yap?larda;
so + s?fat + as = yaln?z olumsuz yap?larda kullan?labilir...
11) Yanl??: a. I had my car repaired for me yesterday.
E?er, "ba?kas? için de?il, kendim için tamir ettirttim" demek zorunda kalsayd?k, kendine dönü?lü (reflexive) "for myself" yap?s?n? kullanmam?z gerekirdi.
Tabii çok zor bir soru... ??klar?n içerdi?i yap?lar, ?ngilizcenin "ettirgen" (causative) yap?lar?:
Have someone bring it to you on a tray. = "have somebody do something" (birisine bir?ey yapt?rtmak) yap?s?n?n emir hali... Yani, kar??mdaki ki?iye, "Onu kendine getirttir" diyorum...
Will you have it seen to soon? = "have something done" (bir?eyi yapt?rtmak) yap?s?ndan future soru... "see to" (gere?ini yapmak, icab?na bakmak) fiili kafa kar??t?r?yor. "Will you have it repaired soon?" deseydim, soru bir anda kolayla??rd?...
12) Yanl??: e. No, you haven't to salute him every time you see him.
have to + yal?n fiil = zorunluluk yap?s?n?n olumsuzu, "don't have to" ?eklindedir.
13) Yanl??: a. I needn't have bought a new one, so I've brought the old one back.
Anlamca mant?ks?z: "Yenisini sat?n ald?m, ama me?er almam gerekmiyormu? (bunu sonradan anlad?m); bu yüzden de i?te eskisi"... (Türkçe'de baya?? mant?kl? göründü di mi!)...
didn't need to do... Yapmak zorunda olmad???m i?in ba??nda anla??ld?, dolay?s?yla da böyle bir?ey yapmad?m...
needn't have done... Me?er yapmam gerekmiyormu?, ama bu sonradan anla??ld?; bu arada ne yaz?k ki yapm?? bulunuyorum...
Reklama girecek ama, bu tür konular "Practical English for Turks" elektronik kitab?m?n "yard?mc? filler" bölümünde ayr?nt?lar? ile i?leniyor...
14) Yanl??: d. The fish must be fried, but needn't the potatoes.
Fiil, öznenin sa??na geçmeli; soru sormuyoruz... "but the potatoes needn't." ("needen't be fried" ?eklinde yineleme?e gerek yok.)
15) Yanl??: e. Doing all these exercises will do you a lot of good, won't they?
Doing... will..., won't it?
??klardaki ?u iki tümcede ise, kar??m?zdaki ki?inin gözlem yada yorumuna kat?ld???m?z? belirtiyoruz: "He wasn't late last night." "No, he wasn't, was he?" ("Dün gece geç kalmad?." "Gerçekten de geç kalmad?, öyle de?il mi?")... "You're rather late."* "Yes, I am a bit, aren't I?" ("Geç kald?n." "Do?ru walla, biraz geç kald?m, öyle de?il mi?")
16) Yanl??: e. You have been smoking at least five cigarettes since you came.
?flah olmaz bir tiryaki olan bendeniz bile ayn? anda be? sigara "içegelmi?" olamam... Yine reklama girecek ama, bu tür konular "Practical English for Turks" elektronik kitab?m?n "the tenses" bölümünde ayr?nt?lar? ile i?leniyor...
17) Yanl??: c. I have seen rarely a worse piece of workmanship.
Do?rusu, "I have rarely seen..." Bu soru, bu kategorideki belirteçlerin tümce içindeki yerini ilgilendiriyor... "only" sözcü?ünün ise yerinin tümüyle oynak olabilece?ine ve her konumda tümceye farkl? bir nüans kazand?raca??na dikkat ediniz.
18) Yanl??: b. When the war broke out, we lived in Mersin.
"Tense" yanl???. "were living in Mersin" olmal?yd?: sava??n patlak verdi?i noktada devam etmekte olan bir süreçten söz ediyoruz...
19) Yanl??: d. I shall have done a lot of work while he will be asleep.
"while he is asleep"... Temel tümcelik herhangi bir "future tense" oldu?unda, zaman bildiren ba??l (yan) tümcelik bir "present tense" olmak zorundad?r...
20) Yanl??: a. The valley had been flooded a year ago and it still shows some signs of it.
"Ago", günümüzden geriye do?ru süreyi ölçer. Past perfect ise, "geçmi?teki bir noktan?n geçmi?inden" söz eder... Dolay?s?yla, do?ru anlat?m "the year before"... ?eklinde olurdu... Yok, e?er sel bugün itibariyle "bir y?l önce" olmu?sa, bu takdirde de "The valley was flooded..." ?eklinde Simple Past Tense kullanmal?yd?k...